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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=90TT2119>
<title>
Aug. 13, 1990: Bulgaria:A Surprise At The Top
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Aug. 13, 1990 Iraq On The March
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 28
BULGARIA
A Surprise at the Top
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Opposition leader Zhelyu Zhelev is the unexpected choice to
become the country's first non-Communist leader in four decades
</p>
<p> Although they won more than half the seats in the 400-member
parliament in June's elections, Bulgaria's former Communist
leaders have been struggling to keep a grip on power and hold
their newly renamed Bulgarian Socialist Party together. The
internal crisis was triggered early last month when President
Petar Mladenov, who deposed longtime Stalinist leader Todor
Zhivkov in November 1989, stepped down under pressure. Mladenov
had angered opposition groups and liberal members of his party
by suggesting that tanks be used to break up a pro-democracy
demonstration last December.
</p>
<p> After Mladenov's departure, the Socialist leadership agreed
in principle that a non-Socialist should fill the presidency.
But last week saw their hopes of installing a candidate of
their choice dashed. After five ballots ended in deadlock,
members of parliament, by a vote of 284 to 105, elected as
President Zhelyu Zhelev, the leader of the opposition Union of
Democratic Forces. Zhelev, who ran unopposed after all parties
withdrew their initial candidates, needed a two-thirds majority
of the members present to win.
</p>
<p> In the June balloting the U.D.F. had won only 144 seats,
compared with the Socialists' 211. But Zhelev, 55, a
philosopher turned politician and longtime anticommunist,
managed to hold his own fractious movement together at a time
when the rifts in the Socialist Party were growing wider daily.
In the end, he won the presidency with the help of votes from
reformers within the Socialist Party. The new President will
have the power to call fresh parliamentary elections.
</p>
<p> Zhelev's victory threw the former Communists into further
disarray: several party branches and many prominent officials
immediately announced that they would break away from the
Socialist Party. Reformers, who were planning a purge of the
Old Guard at a party congress in October, welcomed the
resignation threats. So did protesters camped in front of the
presidential palace, who have vowed that they will remain there
until all Communist hard-liners are removed from government.
</p>
<p> Zhelev says he wants a "strong, competent government";
observers believe that will mean an administration of
technocrats drawn from both the Socialists and the U.D.F. The
new Prime Minister is likely to be Socialist leader Andrei
Lukanov, 52, one of the party's leading reformers. Urbane and
articulate, Lukanov was Prime Minister under Mladenov and
stayed on as the party leader when Mladenov was forced out.
Lukanov has the support of many opposition leaders because of
his grasp of economic issues and generally evenhanded approach
to political problems. He favors a government of national
unity, arguing that broad consensus will be needed to implement
the drastic economic changes necessary to remodel a dispirited
and state-dominated economy along free-market lines.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>